BIO、NIO、AIO 有什么區(qū)別?

　　BIO、NIO、AIO 都是 Java 中用于實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程的三種不同的方式，它們有以下區(qū)別：

　　1.BIO (Blocking I/O)：傳統(tǒng)的阻塞式 I/O，每個(gè)連接都需要一個(gè)線程來(lái)處理，當(dāng)連接數(shù)較多時(shí)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)資源消耗嚴(yán)重，性能較差。

　　2.NIO (Non-blocking I/O)：非阻塞式 I/O，通過(guò)使用單線程輪詢多個(gè)連接的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的處理方式，可以支持較大數(shù)量的并發(fā)連接，但編程模型較為復(fù)雜。

　　3.AIO (Asynchronous I/O)：異步 I/O，通過(guò)回調(diào)方式實(shí)現(xiàn)高效的 I/O 操作，可以大大降低系統(tǒng)資源的消耗，適用于高并發(fā)、高吞吐量的場(chǎng)景，但在實(shí)際使用中可能會(huì)受到操作系統(tǒng)和硬件的限制。

　　下面是 Java 中分別使用 BIO、NIO、AIO 實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信的示例代碼：

　　BIO 示例代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class BioServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        while (true) {
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            new Thread(() -> {
                try {
                    InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                    OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len;
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                        outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
                    }
                    outputStream.flush();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

　　NIO 示例代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
 
public class NioServer {
 
    private Selector selector;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        new NioServer().startServer();
    }
 
    public void startServer() throws IOException {
        selector = Selector.open();
        ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8000));
        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        System.out.println("Server started on port 8000...");
 
        while (true) {
            selector.select();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
                if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                    acceptConnection(key);
                } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                    readFromClient(key);
                }
                keyIterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }
 
    private void acceptConnection(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
        SocketChannel socketChannel = serverChannel.accept();
        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
        System.out.println("Connection accepted from client: " + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
    }
 
    private void readFromClient(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);
        if (bytesRead == -1) {
            socketChannel.close();
            System.out.println("Connection closed by client: " + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
        } else {
            byte[] data = new byte[bytesRead];
            buffer.flip();
            buffer.get(data, 0, bytesRead);
            System.out.println("Received message from client: " + new String(data));
            socketChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello from server".getBytes()));
        }
    }
}

　　AIO 示例代碼：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;

public class AioServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        AsynchronousServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
        serverSocketChannel.accept(null, new CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Object>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel result, Object attachment) {
                serverSocketChannel.accept(null, this);
                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                result.read(buffer, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
                    @Override
                    public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                        if (result > 0) {
                            buffer.flip();
                            byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.limit()];
                            buffer.get(bytes);
                            System.out.println(new String(bytes));
                            buffer.clear();
                            result.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("Hello, client!".getBytes()));
                        } else if (result == -1) {
                            try {
                                result.close();
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                        try {
                            result.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {
                exc.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

　　這些代碼僅作為簡(jiǎn)單的演示，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中需要考慮更多的細(xì)節(jié)和異常處理。